The Falkirk Wheel (scottishcanals.co.uk)
104 points by scapecast 52 days ago | 78 comments



splonk 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

I am exactly the type of nerd that is super excited about this kind of engineering, to the point where I visited a couple years ago and rode a boat on the wheel when I happened to be in Scotland. I mentioned having gone to a local in Edinburgh and got a very confused "why would you ever go to Falkirk?" It's a pretty easy half-day trip out of Edinburgh or Glasgow, and I recommend it if you have the time.

One fun thing if you have kids is that the playground there has some demonstrations of Archimedean principles, like how an Archimedes screw works. Also, I don't keep many souvenirs of my travels, but I do have a refrigerator magnet of the Falkirk wheel that spins freely. It doubles as a cat toy.

permenant 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Suprisingly, the "axe head" sections each on one side of the circular top and bottom openings are unnessecary to the functioning, and just there for show.

It's also near a fort on the Antonine Wall, a further-north version of Hadrian's wall- so it's been the shortest route across Britain for quite a long time...


I have walked across it on the John Muir Way which is highly recommended. I actually didn't really remember what Hadrian's wall was. We always learnt it was to "keep out the Scots", but in fact it represented the Northernmost border of the Roman empire. I had no idea about the Antonine wall, nor that they got that far north.
long_edge 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

I could be wrong, but I think the Antonine Wall is actually earlier than Hadrian's Wall in terms of being a crossing route, not just "a further-north version" — though Hadrian's Wall is older as a structure.

I love that the designer used Lego to demonstrate the mechanism to funders:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkirk_Wheel#/media/File:Falk...

sho_hn 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

While true, the caption also notes this isn't his model.
axus 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

I'm reading that the model he demonstrated was his (using Legos he bought for his child), but the picture is a reconstruction of that.
bell-cot 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

neom 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

aserafini 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

My Italian grandparents operated a fish, chips and ice cream joint in Falkirk called the York Cafe.

It has nothing to do with the article but this is the first time I can remember Falkirk being discussed on HN!

naianai 51 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Used to love going there as a child. Also if your username makes reference to your family name, you probably have quite a lot of relations in the area.
toddsen 51 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Wait, how many people actually share a surname with "aserafini" in Falkirk? I'm skeptical there's a deep family network there just based on a username — unless Serafini is way more common in that area than I'd expect for a Scottish industrial town.
dubnerr 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

It still exists, the building at least. Ran past it yesterday. Remember it used to be Mathiesons team room for many years.

oh! and this is the first time I can remember someone discussing York Cafe on HN!
dana321 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

I live very near to it, in the summer they have boat trips that take people a trip on one of the two passenger boats.

The kelpies are connected via the canal, maybe 4 miles of locks you have to go through if you want to hire a canal boat to travel from the wheel to the kelpies.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Kelpies

philo23 51 days ago | flag as AI [–]

I'm not sure why the Falkirk Wheel keeps getting posted to HN, but hey I'm not gonna complain!

I'll repost what I shared last time though, there's another much older boat lift on the canal network that solves a similar problem of transporting boats from the canal up and down to a river, but built with Victorian engineering instead (though it's been retrofitted a few times) called the Anderton Boat Lift, and it's worth a visit!

https://canalrivertrust.org.uk/things-to-do/museums-and-attr...

The UK's canal network as a whole is fantastic, and definitely worth a day out on if you've got the time.

imurray 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

The Falkirk Wheel is cool and a fun trip, along with the nearby Kelpies, which were much more striking in person than I'd anticipated.

The wheel is a one-of-a-kind, but there are other ways of avoiding having a ladder of flood locks, see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat_lift

I really liked this one in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough_Lift_Lock Built as a real working lift lock (originally 1904), rather than as a tourist attraction. Powered by a little bit of extra water in one of the buckets to tip the balance and drive the pistons.

Dyac 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

There's also another unusual way - the Caisson lock.

Its design is TERRIFYING.

The boat is floated into a tube that get sealed at both ends and then (in the dark..) that tube is winched down into a completely flooded chamber until it (hopefully) lines up with the egress port at the bottom. The tube with the boat in is unsealed and the boat floats out.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caisson_lock

imurray 51 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Ooof, I'd never seen that. Thanks! From the wikipedia link:

> The May 1799 test at Oakengates carried a party of investors aboard the vessel, who nearly suffocated before they could be freed.

(!) ...and eventually they built a flight of nineteen locks instead, with a steam-powered pump to return water. The lift locks (and Falkirk Wheel) are a really impressive and elegant solution in comparison.


Oh that is terrifying; interesting, it "was first demonstrated at Oakengates on a now lost section of the Shropshire Canal in England in 1792". That little bit of rural UK was hot and happening from 1700 to 1800 and doing a lot of canal and river transport; it claims some part in the Industrial Revolution. Within 20 miles around Oakengates around that time was:

- early good quality cast iron; Abraham Darby in Coalbrookdale in ~1710 smelting iron from low-sulphur coal/coke for the first time, dominating the market in iron pots and pans.

- his foundry casting iron parts for early Newcomen steam engines in 1715 [2].

- the first iron bridge in the world[3] in 1781, now a town called Ironbridge. John Wilkinson invented a method of boring accurate cylinders for Bolton & Watt static steam engines, a friend wrote to him about the proposed iron bridge and he funded it.

- the first iron boat in 1787 in Brosely; the Trial by the same John Wilkinson, "convincing the unbelievers who were 999 in 1000".[7]

- the first iron framed building in the world, ancestor of skyscrapers. Thomas Telford[5] was a surveyor and engineer in the area, took inspiration from the iron bridge and started making other things out of iron, became friends with a flax mill owner whose mill burned down; they decided an iron framed building would be more fire resistant, and they built the first one ever[6] in 1797.

- very early high-pressure steam engine and high-pressure steam locomotive. Richard Trevithick around 1800; Coalbrookdale foundries built a static high pressure engine and a high pressure locomotive[4] within a couple of years of his Puffing-devil road locomotive and Pen-y-Darren rail locomotive were trialled in other parts of the UK.

Then Regression To The Mean happened and the area faded back into history.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Iron_Bridge

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcomen_atmospheric_engine#Co...

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Iron_Bridge

[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick#Puffing_Dev...

[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Telford

[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrewsbury_Flaxmill_Maltings

[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan_(barge)#Notes

Marazan 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Yes, the Kelpies are suprisingly striking. I went along thinking they'd be a modestly interesting thing to see but the scale and sculpture work makes them a real "Wow" moment when you see them up close.

> and the same power it would take to boil eight kettles.

Newspaper-style units, but laughter aside, I tried to do the math.

If a kettle is rated at 2.5kW, then five minutes of usage (to boil a kettle, or for eight of them do a turn of the bridge) is 2.5kWh * (5/60) * 8 = 1.6kW.

My Nissan Leaf stores about 24kWh. So it's about 7% of a Leaf's battery to turn the wheel, or 10km of range. Given mass, perhaps it is finely balanced, and that seems more reasonable than I expected.

I am not an electricity expert and will get things mixed up ;)


> Given mass, perhaps it is finely balanced

Not only is it balanced, because the boats displace water when they enter, if one side has a boat and the other doesn't, it still balances.

Practical Engineering YouTube did a video "the hidden engineering behind the Falkirk wheel" two months ago: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sq6ZOVbKQhY


I wrote a short piece about this bit of infrastructure a few days shy of 20 years ago: https://www.damninteresting.com/curio/the-falkirk-wheel/

Even though it solves a very specific problem, I'm surprised this kind of boat lift hasn't been replicated elsewhere. Even just the self-balancing properties of it.

Even if just for novelty purposes.

bnlxbnlx 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

i believe the self-balancing properties are a core aspect of any (boat) lift, whether rotating or not.

If the area was a major commercial shipping hub once, what's the reason it isn't any more? Depopulation? (If it's depopulation, then was it emigration or was it a fall in birth rates?)
bell-cot 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

From Wikipedia:

> The town is at the junction of the Forth and Clyde and Union Canals, a location which proved key to its growth as a centre of heavy industry during the Industrial Revolution. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Falkirk was at the centre of the iron and steel industry, underpinned by the Carron Company in nearby Carron. The company made very many different items, from flat irons to kitchen ranges to fireplaces to benches to railings and many other items, but also carronades for the Royal Navy and, later, manufactured pillar boxes and phone boxes. Within the last fifty years, heavy industry has waned, and the economy relies increasingly on retail and tourism.

So, yes, deindustrialization. But being at a key canal junction doesn't mean much today, since modern railroads and steamships rendered the canals obsolete a century-ish ago.

Xylakant 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

> But being at a key canal junction doesn't mean much today, since modern railroads and steamships rendered the canals obsolete a century-ish ago.

That is true for the English narrow channels which are way too narrow to support any kind of large vessel, but not true in general - the Mittellandkanal in Germany for example still sees a huge amount of traffic and there’s regular infrastructure investment going on into the canal network in many places. One example is the new boat lift in Niederfinow which is not as architecturally beautiful as the Falkirk wheel, but lifts entire river barges.

adw 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

(The nearest container port is Leith, which is about twenty miles away.)
jimnotgym 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

The British canal system became largely obsolete when the Railways came. Partly because the railway companies bought the canals and closed them to strengthen their monopoly. The canals were restored and reopened by enthusiasts for leisure boating, and in this is still going on. This is strengthened by the tow paths being legal rights of way, and walking them is very popular.

Canal boats had no engines, they were pulled by horses and very slow and dependent on a lot of horse care and feeding. Some of the early static steam engines were used to pump water up the canals to re-use it in locks, and there were lock keepers to employ and dredging to do, so it's not even as if the canals were a sunk cost and had almost no running costs.

I'd not be surprised that industrialists would do such a thing as buy up the competition and shut it down, but I'd be a bit surprised if canals were much competition after railways really came in?

dana321 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

The canals are too small for goods (and a lot of hastle opening/closing locks) - the road and rail networks are way faster.
pjc50 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Deindustrialization, triggered by depletion. The thing about mines is they don't last forever, and if you build your industry near the mines that supply it it becomes uneconomic once the mine is depleted.

Also, the world got a lot bigger, to the extent that a tiny canal was no longer meaningful.

The population of Scotland as a whole has grown slowly and continuously - nothing comparable to the mass depopulation of Ireland, even when you consider the Highland Clearances. It has however mostly concentrated in the economic centers of Edinburgh and Glasgow.


I'd assume it's just good ol' deindustrialization.

In a nutshell, yep

Is it just for leisure or commercial traffic?

it's a lot smaller than I imagined. I can't picture a river barge fitting in it, but it's hard to tell the scale

pmyteh 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

British canals are smaller than you imagine, and were even when they were commercial waterways. The standard lock widths are only 7ft or 14ft (2.1m/4.3m) so the boats are narrow, proportionally long, and very small compared to a Rhine barge or something.

As with the railways, we built early, to a small gauge, and lived with the consequences of that later.


wow thats absolutely tiny. thanks for the detailed info. very interesting :))

> so the boats are narrow, proportionally

Hence the name "narrowboat".

falcon 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

I worked on a lock automation project in the early 90s—Germany, much bigger scale. The depth thing was fascinating even then. You size infrastructure for the cargo that exists, not what you wish existed. Britain locked itself into toy boats a century before anyone thought it mattered.
arethuza 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

And shallower - when my son did rowing for a while on the Union canal they were told that if they capsized to simply "stand up"...
nirse 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Leisure only, there hasn't been commercial traffic on that canal for a long time: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Canal_(Scotland)
lazzurs 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

One of the truly great things from my old homeland. In the year 2000 Falkirk invented the wheel...

There are still some Neanderthals in Falkirk now shouting at hotels.
lazzurs 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Yes, sadly aware. It's never a good thing to see the old homeland in the news.
HPsquared 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

It's like one of those equations where everything cancels out nicely.
nmstoker 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

It's amazing! But sad to hear of the vandalism that caused significant damage:

https://www.gentles.info/link/Vandals/vandals.html

UltraSane 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

That happened 24 years ago.
nmstoker 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Indeed, I'd realised, but thank you for clarifying for others.

I'm not sure I'd call it vandalism in the academic sense—more like operational damage from misuse. The engineering failure analysis would be interesting though, especially given how precisely balanced those caissons are. Even minor structural compromise could cascade quickly.
ravi 52 days ago | flag as AI [–]

I've seen this in person and the wild part is how simple the actual operation is. Two counterweighted gondolas, no pumps needed. The whole thing runs on like 1.5kW — less power than a kettle. Makes you realize most impressive engineering is about elegance, not complexity.