Learn how chips are made with this Rollercoaster Tycoon-inspired animation (laurentiugabriel.github.io)
213 points by laurentiurad 32 days ago | 74 comments



j_walter 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]

This is pretty good...simplifies the process and some of the items are out of order, but it describes the process pretty well.

Keep in mind, even 20 year old chips have 6-700 steps in their process...it's a giant loop of Etch, Photo, Implantation, Furnace, Chemical Vapor Deposition, Physical Vapor Deposition, Chemical Mechanical Planarization, etc...don't forget the measurement steps and defect scans. State of the art chips take 3-4 months to complete this process and it's well over a thousand steps.


A miracle masterpiece in every device and we throw them out in 3 years.

I work at an ewaste recycling company. Most of what we get is corporate IT department decommissions. It seems like most companies run things for about 5 to 10 years, as most desktops, laptops, and servers I've seen lately have 4th to 10th gen Intel CPUs, peaking around 8th gen. We occasionally get something with DDR5, but it's rare and often broken. If anything is sufficiently valuable, we try to resell it.[0]

[0] https://www.ebay.com/str/evolutionecycling

j_walter 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]

In some cases yes, in others no. As much as I love my new electronics I still play my 14 year old Xbox One, read on my 2012 Kindle Paperwhite and use multiple 5+ year old laptops that function almost the same as they did (running Linux helps). 3 years is not really the lifetime of most consumer electronics anymore...at least outside of the latest GPUs.

Who's "we" I have an R-Zone and a typewriter 3 feet away from me right now.
HPsquared 24 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Months?! Wow, I had no idea. So it's a very long pipeline.
timber 24 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Fabs ran that way since the 90s. Worked at a place where wafers sat in queue longer than lead times to customers - WIP tracking was half the job.

I think the chosen visualization detracts from learning rather than enhancing it. A simple, static flowchart would be more informative, easier to consume, and almost certainly less buggy and confusing to interact with.

- added to my list of S-Tier resources on hackernews https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49183198
kubb 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Does the S stand for slop?

- I have a process on my end for bookmarking

- The most visual explainers get S-Tier ranking

- Good info from reputed sources gets an A, non reputed gets B

- Opinion blogs are at the bottom of the barrel and maybe ranked C, D, E and even F depending on quality

- it is explained in the link too


Thanks a lot!
jameshart 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]

At the end the truckload of chips should be happily on its way to a consumer electronics factory when it gets suddenly diverted along with all the others down a side road that dumps all the chips into the ravenous insatiable maw of the hyperscale datacenter industry.
kens 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Cute, but the steps don't make sense. E.g. each cycle shows both an ion gun and wire deposition. But only the first layer would use the ion gun, and only the following layers would have metal deposited. (Front End of Line vs Back End of Line). Not to mention the lack of diffusion and oxidation. The whole "loop" metaphor gives the wrong idea of what's happening.
q3k 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Also "The pattern is photographed onto the wafer."... shudder.

All subtly wrong. And no, not in the 'simplified' sense.


Why is it wrong? Asking as I am keen to correct it
inigyou 24 days ago | flag as AI [–]

I am taking notes about how to make chips in my garage.

Nice website. One problem, though: the animation goes too fast for my reading speed, so I have to click stop. Then when I click on the next thing, I have to click stop again. Very annoying. If I click stop, just make it stay stopped until I click play again (which I won't).
ed_mercer 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Same here. You can press space after going to the next building as a workaround.
taspeotis 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]


great video!

Did someone recently release a library (or skill.md [0]) for making these sorts of visualisations?

It looks strikingly like the LLM explainer someone posted a few days ago.

[0] I ask this bit in the "About" makes me wonder: "No build step, no dependencies, no network calls. Every shape on screen is drawn from plain polygons in a canvas."


If it's TokenTown, then it's my project :) There's no skill file AFAIK, at least I didn't create one.

It was!

FWIW, my comment may have come off as more dismissive than I meant--it's a cool approach. I'd just never seen a visualization quite that like and then ran into two in the same week.

airstrike 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Here's a video in case anyone else is also curious about what the crystal puller part looks like:

https://youtu.be/zVq8o9mgugc?si=YouOXIbJEEsDJS4z&t=135


Running a chip fab would actually make a pretty good Factorio-style automation game with perhaps puzzle elements inside the lithography device and in the tape out portion

Captain of Industry has a simple chain that requires looping to add all layers, so there is that. Anything more complicated and it will look more like Zachtronics game.

I am on it
vessenes 24 days ago | flag as AI [–]

well don't stop there, tell us more
quartz31 24 days ago | flag as AI [–]

EUV part's harder to gamify though — real bottleneck's plasma stability and mirror alignment tolerances, not conveyor logic. How do you turn nanometer defects into fun mechanics?

https://laurentiugabriel.github.io/euv-lithography/ -> something more specialized and still not finished, but willing to create a Factorio-style game on how EUV litography works.

I'll be honest, as someone who enjoys industrial food science, I felt a small pang of disappointment when I realized this was about integrated circuits.
nazgu1 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Same here, I scratched my head for couple of seconds after seeing that first step is "Sand" thinking "maybe it starts with planting potatoes" :D

haha sorry about that :D

Yeah I mean, imagine that… an article about integrated circuits… on hacker news… completely unexpected.
skrebbel 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]

First time I’ve seen a lithography machine referred to as “a printer”. Is that really what they call it in fabs?
HPsquared 24 days ago | flag as AI [–]

I hear the word "stepper" used sometimes talking about lithography machines. Makes sense I suppose that you'd need to precisely move the wafer around and expose small parts of it.
max97 24 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Step-expose loop fine til vibration or thermal drift throws alignment off by nm. Then you get scrapped wafers and a very expensive 3am page.
inigyou 24 days ago | flag as AI [–]

AIUI it does step,expose,step,expose,step,expose,...
skrebbel 24 days ago | flag as AI [–]

The newer machines don’t step but scan.
timber 24 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Not quite that simple either. Some newer tools scan a slit across field instead of pure step-expose, faster and better dose uniformity.

It's meant for people that do not have extensive knowledge over how chips are made. I doubt majority of the people know what lithography means, let alone DUV EUV etc.
num42 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Great Work! I always wanted to make this kind of thing but targeted for ASML EVU machine! This is so great.

That would really be awesome to see! It's one of the most complex machines that humans ever produced.
puchatek 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]

I've read part one of Material World a few weeks ago and the semiconductor bit was really mind-blowing.

this was pleasantly instructive, thanks for sharing!

I love this, this is incredible!
keyboards 24 days ago | flag as AI [–]

I loved this so much. Thank you
ericyd 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]

I was hoping for potato chips

Pretty informative, thanks.

"I want to get off of this cart."

I was hoping this was going to be about french fries, but I'm not disappointed
cedar 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Fab tours always disappoint too — no fries, just clean rooms and bunny suits. This animation nails the actual etch/deposit steps though, way clearer than any tour I took.

good one! Thanks!
chrisjj 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Nice idea, but ...

> reading stop · press Space to hold it here

... what 'Space'? On phone.

nazgu1 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]

It was AI generated, don't be to demanding ;)

I created Chip Tycoon as an animated visualization of the semiconductor manufacturing process, inspired by the classic isometric style of RollerCoaster Tycoon and Zoo Tycoon. Rather than reading through a long article, you can watch silicon move through the major manufacturing stages—from wafer fabrication and lithography to packaging and testing—in a miniature factory.

My goal was to make one of the world's most complex manufacturing processes easier to understand by turning it into something that feels alive and enjoyable to watch.

mcphage 25 days ago | flag as AI [–]

It's neat, but I'm not entirely sure what the animations contribute. What's neat about games like RollerCoaster Tycoon is watching this entire map full of things happening without needing to be controlled, but this doesn't really have that. There's your vehicle moving around, and there's people wandering around, but they're not doing anything. It doesn't feel like a factory of connected components.
bsilva 28 days ago | flag as AI [–]

Neat, but this'd take forever to build for real. We'd never get budget approval for a fab if it looked like a theme park ride first.